S. Abdel?fattah, A. Amin, and L. C. Van-rijn, Sand transport in Nile River, Egypt, J. Hydraul. Eng, vol.130130, issue.488, pp.488-5000733, 2004.

A. D. Abrahams, Bed-Load Transport Equation for Sheet Flow, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, vol.129, issue.2, pp.159-1630733, 2003.
DOI : 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2003)129:2(159)

R. Ahmed and S. Karmakar, Arrival and withdrawal dates of the summer monsoon in Bangladesh, International Journal of Climatology, vol.156, issue.7, pp.727-740, 1993.
DOI : 10.1002/joc.3370130703

J. P. Avouac and E. B. Burov, Erosion as a driving mechanism of intracontinental mountain growth, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.4, issue.2, pp.747-1710, 1996.
DOI : 10.1029/96JB01344

B. Water and D. Board, Sediment investigations in main rivers of Bangladesh, Water Suppl, 1972.

C. Beaumont, R. A. Jamieson, M. H. Nguyen, and B. Lee, Himalayan tectonics explained by extrusion of a low-viscosity crustal channel coupled to focused surface denudation, Nature, vol.414, issue.6865, pp.738-74210, 2001.
DOI : 10.1038/414738a

S. Bennett, J. Bridge, and J. Best, Fluid and sediment dynamics of upper stage plane beds, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, vol.120, issue.C1, pp.1239-127410, 1998.
DOI : 10.1029/97JC02764

J. Bouchez, O. Beyssac, V. Galy, J. Gaillardet, C. France?lanord et al., Oxidation of petrogenic organic carbon in the Amazon floodplain as a source of atmospheric CO2, Geology, vol.38, issue.3, pp.255-258, 2010.
DOI : 10.1130/G30608.1

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/ird-00588739

J. Bouchez, J. Gaillardet, C. France?lanord, L. Maurice, and P. Dutra?maia, Grain size control of river suspended sediment geochemistry: Clues from Amazon River depth profiles, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, vol.168, issue.1, pp.300810-1029, 2011.
DOI : 10.1029/2010GC003380

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01516040

J. Bouchez, F. Metivier, M. Lupker, L. Maurice, M. Perez et al., Prediction of depth-integrated fluxes of suspended sediment in the Amazon River: particle aggregation as a complicating factor, Hydrological Processes, vol.288, issue.98, pp.778-794, 2011.
DOI : 10.1002/hyp.7868

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01499495

J. Bouchez, M. Lupker, J. Gaillardet, L. Maurice, and C. France?lanord, How important is it to integrate riverine suspended sediment chemical composition with depth? Clues from Amazon River depth-profiles, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.75, issue.22, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.gca.2011.08.038

W. R. Brownlie, Prediction of flow depth and sediment discharge in open channels, Lab. of Hydraul. and Water Resour., Calif. Inst. of Technol, 1981.

D. Brunsden, D. K. Jones, R. P. Martin, and J. C. Doornkamp, The geomorphological character of part of the Low Himalaya of eastern Nepal, Z. Geomorphol, vol.37, pp.25-72, 1981.

D. Burbank, A. Blythe, J. Putkonen, B. Pratt?sitaula, E. Gabet et al., Decoupling of erosion and precipitation in the Himalayas, Nature, vol.426, issue.6967, pp.652-65510, 1038.
DOI : 10.1038/nature02187

J. Callède, P. Kosuth, J. ?. Guyot, and V. S. Guimaraes, Discharge determination by Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCP): a moving bottom error correction method and its application on the River Amazon at ??bidos, Hydrological Sciences Journal, vol.45, issue.6, pp.911-92410, 1080.
DOI : 10.1080/02626660009492392

J. Carignan, P. Hild, G. Mevelle, J. Morel, D. Yeghicheyan et al., Routine Analyses of Trace Elements in Geological Samples using Flow Injection and Low Pressure On-Line Liquid Chromatography Coupled to ICP-MS: A Study of Geochemical Reference Materials BR, DR-N, UB-N, AN-G and GH, Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, vol.21, issue.2-3, pp.187-198, 2001.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1751-908X.2001.tb00595.x

M. Cellino and W. H. Graf, Sediment-Laden Flow in Open-Channels under Noncapacity and Capacity Conditions, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, vol.125, issue.5, pp.455-4620733, 1999.
DOI : 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1999)125:5(455)

S. Chandra, E. Rhodes, and K. Richards, Luminescence dating of late Quaternary fluvial sediments in the Rapti Basin, north-central Gangetic plains, Quaternary International, vol.159, issue.1, pp.47-56, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.quaint.2006.08.011

N. Cheng, Exponential Formula for Bedload Transport, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, vol.128, issue.10, pp.942-9460733, 2002.
DOI : 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2002)128:10(942)

M. L. Coleman, Flume Studies of the Sediment Transfer Coefficient, Water Resources Research, vol.3, issue.4, pp.801-80910, 1970.
DOI : 10.1029/TR014i001p00487

W. F. Curtis, R. H. Meade, C. F. Nordin, N. B. Price, and E. R. Sholkovitz, Non-uniform vertical distribution of fine sediment in the Amazon River, Nature, vol.78, issue.5721, pp.381-38310, 1038.
DOI : 10.1038/280381a0

B. Delcaillau, Les Siwalik de l'Himalaya du Népal Oriental: Fonctionnement et Évolution d'un Piémont, 1992.

W. Dietrich, Settling velocity of natural particles, Water Resources Research, vol.36, issue.22, pp.1615-162610, 1982.
DOI : 10.1306/74D71479-2B21-11D7-8648000102C1865D

I. G. Droppo and E. D. Ongley, Flocculation of suspended sediment in rivers of southeastern Canada, Water Research, vol.28, issue.8, pp.1799-180910, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0043-1354(94)90253-4

J. M. Edmond, Himalayan Tectonics, Weathering Processes, and the Strontium Isotope Record in Marine Limestones, Science, vol.258, issue.5088, pp.1594-1597, 1992.
DOI : 10.1126/science.258.5088.1594

N. Filizola and J. L. Guyot, The use of Doppler technology for suspended sediment discharge determination in the River Amazon / L???utilisation des techniques Doppler pour la d??termination du transport solide de l???Amazone, Soil survey project Bangladesh: Soil resources, AGL: SF/PAK 6, pp.143-153, 1971.
DOI : 10.1623/hysj.49.1.143.53990

C. France?lanord and L. Derry, Organic carbon burial forcing of the carbon cycle from Himalayan erosion, Nature, vol.390, issue.6655, pp.65-6710, 1997.
DOI : 10.1038/36324

E. J. Gabet, D. W. Burbank, B. Pratt?sitaula, J. Putkonen, and B. Bookhagen, Modern erosion rates in the High Himalayas of Nepal, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.267, issue.3-4, pp.482-494, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2007.11.059

D. Gaeuman and R. B. Jacobson, Acoustic bed velocity and bed load dynamics in a large sand bed river, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.105, issue.F2, pp.10-1029, 2006.
DOI : 10.1029/2005JF000411

J. Gaillardet, B. Dupré, C. J. Allègre, and P. Négrel, Chemical and physical denudation in the Amazon River Basin, Chemical Geology, vol.142, issue.3-4, pp.141-17310, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0009-2541(97)00074-0

J. Gaillardet, B. Dupré, and C. J. Allègre, Geochemistry of large river suspended sediments: silicate weathering or recycling tracer?, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.63, issue.23-24, pp.4037-405110, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00307-5

A. Galy and C. France?lanord, Weathering processes in the Ganges???Brahmaputra basin and the riverine alkalinity budget, Chemical Geology, vol.159, issue.1-4, pp.31-6010, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00033-9

A. Galy and C. France?lanord, Higher erosion rates in the Himalaya: Geochemical constraints on riverine fluxes, Geology, vol.29, issue.1, pp.23-26, 2001.
DOI : 10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0023:HERITH>2.0.CO;2

A. Galy, C. France?lanord, and L. A. Derry, The strontium isotopic budget of Himalayan rivers in Nepal and Bangladesh, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.63, issue.13-14, pp.10-1016, 1905.
DOI : 10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00081-2

V. Galy, C. France?lanord, O. Beyssac, P. Faure, H. Kudrass et al., Efficient organic carbon burial in the Bengal fan sustained by the Himalayan erosional system, Efficient organic carbon burial in the Bengal fan sustained by the Himalayan erosional system, pp.407-41010, 2007.
DOI : 10.1038/nature06273

V. Galy, O. Beyssac, C. France?lanord, and T. Eglinton, Recycling of Graphite During Himalayan Erosion: A Geological Stabilization of Carbon in the Crust, Science, vol.159, issue.1-4, pp.943-945, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00033-9

V. Galy, C. France?lanord, and B. Lartiges, Loading and fate of particulate organic carbon from the Himalaya to the Ganga???Brahmaputra delta, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.72, issue.7, pp.1767-1787, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.gca.2008.01.027

M. H. Garcia, Sediment transport and morphodynamics, in Sedimentation Engineering: Processes, Measurements, Modeling and Practice, Am. Soc. of Civ. Eng, pp.21-164, 2008.

E. Garzanti, G. Vezzoli, S. Ando, J. Lave, M. Attal et al., Quantifying sand provenance and erosion (Marsyandi River, Nepal Himalaya), Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.258, issue.3-4, pp.500-515, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2007.04.010

E. Garzanti, S. Ando, C. France?lanord, G. Vezzoli, P. Censi et al., Mineralogical and chemical variability of fluvial sediments1. Bedload sand (Ganga???Brahmaputra, Bangladesh), Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.299, issue.3-4, pp.368-381, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.09.017

E. Garzanti, S. Andó, C. France?lanord, P. Censi, P. Vignola et al., Mineralogical and chemical variability of fluvial sediments 2. Suspended-load silt (Ganga???Brahmaputra, Bangladesh), Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.302, issue.1-2, pp.107-120, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.11.043

M. T. Gaweesh and L. C. Van-rijn, Bedload sampling in sand? bed rivers, J. Hydraul. Eng, vol.120120, pp.1364-13840733, 1364.
DOI : 10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1994)120:12(1364)

S. R. Gislason, E. H. Oelkers, and A. Snorrason, Role of river-suspended material in the global carbon cycle, Geology, vol.34, issue.1, pp.49-52, 2006.
DOI : 10.1130/G22045.1

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00319037

S. J. Goldstein and S. B. Jacobsen, Nd and Sr isotopic systematics of river water suspended material: implications for crustal evolution, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.87, issue.3, pp.249-26510, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0012-821X(88)90013-1

K. Govindaraju and G. Mevelle, Fully automated dissolution and separation methods for inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry rock analysis. Application to the determination of rare earth elements. Plenary lecture, Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, vol.2, issue.6, pp.615-62110, 1987.
DOI : 10.1039/ja9870200615

W. Graf and M. Cellino, Suspension flows in open channels; experimental study, Journal of Hydraulic Research, vol.115, issue.4, pp.435-447, 2002.
DOI : 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1996)122:10(549)

M. Granet, F. Chabaux, P. Stille, A. Dosseto, C. France?lanord et al., U-series disequilibria in suspended river sediments and implication for sediment transfer time in alluvial plains: The case of the Himalayan rivers, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.74, issue.10, pp.2851-2865, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.gca.2010.02.016

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00555342

K. Hodges, J. Hurtado, and K. Whipple, Southward extrusion of Tibetan crust and its effect on Himalayan tectonics, Tectonics, vol.366, issue.48, pp.799-80910, 2001.
DOI : 10.1029/2001TC001281

J. N. Holeman, The Sediment Yield of Major Rivers of the World, Water Resources Research, vol.37, issue.2, pp.737-74710, 1968.
DOI : 10.1029/TR039i006p01076

A. J. Horowitz and K. A. Elrick, The relation of stream sediment surface area, grain size and composition to trace element chemistry, Applied Geochemistry, vol.2, issue.4, pp.437-45110, 1987.
DOI : 10.1016/0883-2927(87)90027-8

M. M. Hossain, Total sediment load in the lower Ganges and Jammuna, J. Inst. Eng. Bangladesh, vol.20, issue.12, pp.1-8, 1992.

M. R. Islam, S. F. Begum, Y. Yamaguchi, and K. Ogawa, The Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers in Bangladesh: basin denudation and sedimentation, 17<2907::AID-HYP906>3.0.CO, pp.2907-2923, 1999.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(19991215)13:17<2907::AID-HYP906>3.0.CO;2-E

P. R. Jordan, Fluvial sediment of the Mississippi River at, Geol. Surv. Water Supply Pap, p.89, 1802.

D. D. Joshi and S. P. Bhartiya, Geomorphic history and lithostatigraphy of a part of eastern Gangetic plain. Uttar Pradesh, J. Geol. Soc. India, vol.37, pp.569-576, 1991.

R. Kostaschuk, J. Best, P. Villard, J. Peakall, and M. Franklin, Measuring flow velocity and sediment transport with an acoustic Doppler current profiler, Geomorphology, pp.25-37, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.07.012

J. Lavé and J. P. Avouac, Fluvial incision and tectonic uplift across the Himalayas of central Nepal, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.366, issue.3, pp.561-2610, 2001.
DOI : 10.1029/2001JB000359

L. Fort and P. , Himalaya, Am. J. Sci, vol.275, pp.1-44, 1975.
DOI : 10.1007/1-4020-4495-X_43

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01387220

J. M. Martin and M. Meybeck, Elemental mass-balance of material carried by major world rivers, Marine Chemistry, vol.7, issue.3, pp.173-20610, 1979.
DOI : 10.1016/0304-4203(79)90039-2

B. S. Mazumder, Grain size distribution in suspension from bed materials, Sedimentology, vol.114, issue.2, pp.271-277, 1994.
DOI : 10.1063/1.862026

B. S. Mazumder and K. Ghoshal, Velocity and concentration profiles in uniform sediment-laden flow, Applied Mathematical Modelling, vol.30, issue.2, pp.164-176, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.apm.2005.03.015

URL : http://doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2005.03.015

B. Mazumder, R. Ray, and D. Dalal, Size distributions of suspended particles in open channel flow over bed materials, Environmetrics, vol.55, issue.2, pp.149-165, 2005.
DOI : 10.1002/env.690

I. N. Mccave, I. R. Hall, and G. G. Bianchi, Laser vs. settling velocity differences in silt grainsize measurements: estimation of palaeocurrent vigour, Sedimentology, vol.50, issue.4, pp.919-928, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/S0921-8181(00)00060-6

J. M. Mccrea, On the Isotopic Chemistry of Carbonates and a Paleotemperature Scale, The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol.43, issue.6, pp.849-85710, 1950.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1740961

F. Métivier, Y. Gaudemer, P. Tapponier, and M. Klein, Mass accumulation rates in Asia during the Cenozoic, Geophysical Journal International, vol.137, issue.2, pp.280-318, 1999.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-246X.1999.00802.x

E. Meyer?peter and R. Muller, Formulas for bedload transport, Proceedings of the 2nd Meeting of the International Association of Hydraulic Structures Research, pp.39-64, 1948.

J. D. Milliman and R. H. Meade, World-Wide Delivery of River Sediment to the Oceans, The Journal of Geology, vol.91, issue.1, pp.1-2110, 1983.
DOI : 10.1086/628741

D. S. Mueller and C. R. Wagner, Correcting Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Discharge Measurements Biased by Sediment Transport, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, vol.133, issue.12, pp.1329-13360733, 1329.
DOI : 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2007)133:12(1329)

S. K. Mukhopadhyay, H. Biswas, T. K. De, and T. K. Jana, Fluxes of nutrients from the tropical River Hooghly at the land???ocean boundary of Sundarbans, NE Coast of Bay of Bengal, India, Journal of Marine Systems, vol.62, issue.1-2, pp.9-21, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2006.03.004

M. Muste and V. C. Patel, Velocity Profiles for Particles and Liquid in Open-Channel Flow with Suspended Sediment, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, vol.123, issue.9, pp.742-7510733, 1997.
DOI : 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1997)123:9(742)

M. Muste, K. Yu, and M. Spasojevic, Practical aspects of ADCP data use for quantification of mean river flow characteristics; Part I: moving-vessel measurements, Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, vol.15, issue.1, pp.1-16, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2003.09.001

M. Muste, K. Yu, I. Fujita, and R. Ettema, Two-phase versus mixed-flow perspective on suspended sediment transport in turbulent channel flows, Water Resources Research, vol.127, issue.6, pp.10-1029, 2005.
DOI : 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2001)127:6(444)

F. N. Nnadi and K. C. Wilson, Bed-Load Motion at High Shear Stress: Dune Washout and Plane-Bed Flow, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, vol.121, issue.3, pp.267-2730733, 1995.
DOI : 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1995)121:3(267)

C. F. Nordin and G. R. Dempster, Vertical distribution of velocity and suspended sediment middle Rio Grande, U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap, vol.20, p.462, 1963.

M. Paul, Etude des isotopes de l'osmium dans les eaux souterraines du Bangladesh et les sédiments himalayens: Implications et rôle de l'érosion himalayenne sur le budget océanique de l'osmium, 2008.

J. M. Phillips and D. E. Walling, An assessment of the effects of sample collection, storage and resuspension on the representativeness of measurements of the effective particle size distribution of fluvial suspended sediment, Water Research, vol.29, issue.11, pp.2498-250810, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0043-1354(95)00087-2

K. L. Rao, India's Water Wealth, Orient Longman, 1979.

M. E. Raymo, W. F. Ruddiman, and P. N. Froelich, Influence of late Cenozoic mountain building on ocean geochemical cycles, 016<0649:IOLCMB>2.3. CO, pp.649-6530091, 1130.
DOI : 10.1130/0091-7613(1988)016<0649:IOLCMB>2.3.CO;2

C. D. Rennie and P. V. Villard, Site specificity of bed load measurement using an acoustic Doppler current profiler, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.110, issue.10, pp.10-1029, 2004.
DOI : 10.1029/2003JF000106

C. D. Rennie, R. G. Millar, and M. A. Church, Measurement of Bed Load Velocity using an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, vol.128, issue.5, pp.473-4830733, 2002.
DOI : 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2002)128:5(473)

R. L. Rudnick and S. Gao, The composition of the continental crust, The Crust Treatise on Geochemistry, 2003.

C. H. Scott and H. D. Stephens, Special sediment investigations: Mississippi River at St. Louis, Missouri, U.S. Geol. Surv. Water Supply Pap, pp.1961-63, 1819.

L. C. Sime, R. I. Ferguson, and M. Church, Estimating shear stress from moving boat acoustic Doppler velocity measurements in a large gravel bed river, Water Resources Research, vol.13, issue.3, pp.10-1029, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/S0955-5986(02)00051-1

D. B. Simons and E. V. Richardson, Resistance to flow in alluvial channels, U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap, pp.422-61, 1966.

S. Singh and C. France?lanord, Tracing the distribution of erosion in the Brahmaputra watershed from isotopic compositions of stream sediments, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.202, issue.3-4, pp.645-66210, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00822-1

A. K. Singh, S. I. Hasnain, and D. K. Banerjee, Grain size and geochemical partitioning of heavy metals in sediments of the Damodar River - a tributary of the lower Ganga, India, Environmental Geology, vol.39, issue.1, pp.90-9810, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/s002540050439

M. Singh, I. B. Singh, and G. Mueller, Sediment characteristics and transportation dynamics of the Ganga River, Geomorphology, pp.144-175, 2007.

S. K. Singh, S. K. Rai, and S. Krishnaswami, Sr and Nd isotopes in river sediments from the Ganga Basin: Sediment provenance and spatial variability in physical erosion, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.11, issue.47, pp.300610-1029, 2008.
DOI : 10.1029/2007JF000909

R. Sinha, Channel avulsion and floodplain structure in the Gandak? Kosi interfan, Z. Geomorphol, vol.103, pp.249-268, 1996.

R. Sinha and P. F. Friend, River systems and their sediment flux, Indo-Gangetic plains, Northern Bihar, India, Sedimentology, vol.39, issue.4, pp.825-845, 1994.
DOI : 10.1130/0091-7613(1987)15<204:SOTKRN>2.0.CO;2

J. D. Smith and S. R. Mclean, Spatially averaged flow over a wavy surface, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.89, issue.HY3, pp.1735-174610, 1977.
DOI : 10.1029/JC082i012p01735

B. M. Sumer, A. Kozakiewicz, J. Fredsoe, and R. Deigaard, Velocity and Concentration Profiles in Sheet-Flow Layer of Movable Bed, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, vol.122, issue.10, pp.549-5580733, 1996.
DOI : 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1996)122:10(549)

S. R. Taylor and S. M. Mclennan, Composition and evolution of the continental crust, 1985.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511575358.014

S. R. Taylor and S. M. Mclennan, The geochemical evolution of the continental crust, Reviews of Geophysics, vol.98, issue.313, pp.241-26510, 1995.
DOI : 10.1029/95RG00262

J. K. Tripathi, P. Ghazanfari, V. Rajamani, and S. K. Tandon, Geochemistry of sediments of the Ganges alluvial plains: Evidence of large-scale sediment recycling, Quaternary International, vol.159, issue.1, pp.119-130, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.quaint.2006.08.016

J. M. Turowski, D. Rickenmann, S. J. Dadson, and L. C. , The partitioning of the total sediment load of a river into suspended load and bedload: A review of empirical data Sediment transport part I: Bedload transport, Sedimentology J. Hydraul. Eng, vol.57110, issue.110, pp.1126-1146, 1431.

L. C. Van-rijn, Sediment Transport, Part II: Suspended Load Transport, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, vol.110, issue.11, pp.1613-16410733, 1613.
DOI : 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1984)110:11(1613)

L. C. Van-rijn, Principles of sediment transport in rivers, estuaries and Coastal Seas Unified view of sediment transport by currents and waves. I: Initiation of motion, Aqua Publ., Blokzijl, Netherlands. van Rijn, L. C, 1993.

D. Vance, M. Bickle, S. Ivy?ochs, and P. W. Kubik, Erosion and exhumation in the Himalaya from cosmogenic isotope inventories of river sediments, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.206, issue.3-4, pp.273-288, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0012-821X(02)01102-0

V. A. Vanoni, Transportation of suspended sediment by water, Trans, Am. Soc. Civ. Eng, vol.111, pp.67-102, 1946.

V. A. Vanoni, Measurements of critical shear stress for entraining fine sediments in a boundary layer, Rep. KH?R?7, W. M. Keck Lab. of Hydraul. and Water Resour., Calif. Inst. of Technol, 1964.

N. Vdovi?, J. Biscan, and M. Juracic, Relationship between specific surface area and some chemical and physical properties of particulates: study in the northern Adriatic, Marine Chemistry, vol.36, issue.1-4, pp.317-32810, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/S0304-4203(09)90069-X

J. Viers, B. Dupré, and J. Gaillardet, Chemical composition of suspended sediments in World Rivers: New insights from a new database, Science of The Total Environment, vol.407, issue.2, pp.853-868, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.09.053

D. E. Walling and P. W. Moorehead, The particle?size characteristics of fluvial suspended sediment: An overview, Hydrobiologia, pp.176-177, 1989.

P. J. Whiting and W. E. Dietrich, Boundary Shear Stress and Roughness Over Mobile Alluvial Beds, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, vol.116, issue.12, pp.1495-15110733, 1495.
DOI : 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1990)116:12(1495)

P. R. Wilcock, Estimating Local Bed Shear Stress from Velocity Observations, Water Resources Research, vol.3, issue.5, pp.3361-336610, 1996.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02463442

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.460.8930

S. D. Willett, Orogeny and orography: The effects of erosion on the structure of mountain belts, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.21, issue.11, pp.957-2898110, 1999.
DOI : 10.1029/1999JB900248

K. C. Wilson, Bedload transport at high shear stresses, J. Hydraul. Div. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng, vol.113113, issue.97, pp.97-1030733, 1966.

M. Wong and G. Parker, Re?analysis and correction of bedload relation of Meyer?Peter and Muller using their own database, J. Hydraul. Eng, vol.132132, pp.1159-11680733, 1159.

V. Galy, Hole Oceanographic Institution, 360 Woods Hole Rd., Woods Hole